Al-Tawasol Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal published periodically by the University of Aden, Yemen. Since its inception, the journal has served as a knowledge and cultural bridge connecting researchers and academics locally and regionally, and as a leading platform for publishing original research that adheres to the highest standards of scientific rigor and academic integrity. The journal aims to foster constructive scientific dialogue and keep pace with intellectual advancements across various disciplines. It provides a reliable scholarly reference that enriches the academic library, supports decision-makers, and offers scientific solutions addressing societal issues and sustainable development.
The Social and Economic Impacts Resulting from the Presence of Displaced Persons in Aden Governorate
This study aimed to identify the social and economic impacts resulting from the presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Aden Governorate. Identifying negative impacts serves to present them scientifically to competent authorities to facilitate mitigation efforts. Concurrently, identifying positive impacts allows for strengthening and leveraging them. Addressing the displacement situation in Aden Governorate demands further in-depth scientific research to contribute effectively to resolving this issue. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and selected the study sample using a stratified random sampling method. The target population comprised four categories: General Managers, Department Directors/Heads, and Administrative Staff across four selected districts out of the eight districts in Aden Governorate. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed. Considering that 106 respondents completed the questionnaire (representing 88.33% of the total selected sample), the actual sample relied upon in this study consisted of 106 individuals representing the original population. The researcher utilized the questionnaire as the primary field study tool. The study reached several key results, summarized as follows: Social Impacts Resulting from the Presence of Displaced Persons: The findings revealed a noticeable decline in social and moral values, an increase in crime rates and societal problems, and the emergence of undesirable behaviors in the governorate, such as an increased number of panhandlers, a widespread spread of Qat consumption (especially among children), and the expansion of informal/slum settlements.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prestige of the State Between Sovereignty and International Intervention
​The prestige of the state constitutes a fundamental dilemma for its leadership or rulers in the true sense of the word, as it demands continuous vigilance, deep awareness of domestic politics, and a clear vision regarding foreign policy. This is particularly vital in the contemporary era, where the world has transformed into a global village due to the information, media, and technological revolutions. Maintaining state prestige requires insightful vision, broad culture, and a flexible intellectual approach. Despite the difficulty or impossibility of formulating a comprehensive, universal definition for the phenomenon of state prestige—which may vary across historical eras, from one state to another, or even within different political contexts of the same state—it can generally be classified under two main types of prestige that leaders, monarchs, and presidents seek to maintain: Sovereign State Prestige: Characterized by flexible political practices within democratic and liberal nations that prioritize human dignity, citizen welfare, and the right to express opinions. In these nations, state prestige stems from within the citizenry and is not forcibly imposed from external forces. Impaired or Stripped Prestige: Represented by states deprived of full sovereignty or subjected to violations of sovereignty through foreign intervention in their internal affairs. Sovereignty is considered the fundamental cornerstone of international law, dealing with independent states exercising jurisdiction over a defined territory and across all regional domains. State sovereignty signifies the legal capacity of a state to engage in international relations, act on equal footing and parity with other sovereign nations, and exercise its right to govern internal affairs through legislation, administration, and judicial enforcement within its national boundaries without foreign intervention. Furthermore, the phenomenon of international intervention has evolved across historical stages under the new international order, shifting from traditional declines in sovereignty to direct international intervention in domestic state affairs. These global shifts necessitate analyzing the causes behind maintaining state prestige, understanding the impact of sovereignty on sustaining state authority, and examining the consequences of foreign intervention on the decline or erosion of state prestige, as detailed throughout this research.
Solar Energy and Its Importance in Achieving Sustainable Development in the Republic of Yemen
This research examines and discusses solar energy and its significance in achieving sustainable development in the Republic of Yemen. The researcher introduces the concept of solar energy as a clean, sustainable, and abundantly available power source that can be easily generated without requiring step-by-step transformation into other forms, unlike conventional energy sources such as petroleum, gas, and coal. Furthermore, the researcher explores various applications of solar energy, including lighting, agricultural water pumping, water desalination, solar heating, and crop germination using greenhouses. The study highlights that Yemen represents a highly fertile environment for utilizing solar energy. Due to current conditions that have led to a severe deficit in electricity supplies, developmental processes have deteriorated across multiple sectors such as health, education, agriculture, industry, transport, and telecommunications. Consequently, the population in Yemen has turned toward adopting solar energy solutions for lighting, pumping irrigation water for agricultural lands, and heating water. Solar energy systems have also been increasingly implemented across hospitals, schools, and various other public facilities.
Jamil Muhammad Muhammad Abdul-Razzaq Al-Mahya
The Legal System of Tenders and Auctions in Yemeni Law
Public tenders and auctions hold a significant position among the methods used by the public administration to select its contracting parties. The state may find that involving the private sector in executing its projects best serves the public interest. Initially, tenders and auctions were utilized as a transparent method to identify the candidate who best meets the necessary terms and specifications for the contract, thereby advancing society's general welfare. The administration resorts to the tendering method to acquire required goods or services, as it is in the public interest to conclude the contract with the party that offers the lowest possible price with optimal quality. Conversely, it relies on public auctions when looking to sell or lease some of its assets, as the public interest then lies in contracting with the party that submits the highest financial bid. Research Importance: The importance of this research stems from the immense significance of the legal regulation of tenders and auctions across all levels, given the high frequency of these contracts within ministries, departments, and government institutions. Consequently, legal professionals must understand the nature of these contracts and their detailed regulatory provisions, from the time of their announcement up to the initiation of their execution. Furthermore, the importance of this study lies in identifying the legislative risks associated with protecting public funds in national legislation. This is achieved by examining the rules governing public tenders and auctions, as well as tracking public or suspicious funds and the current obstacles to recovering them under existing legislative gaps. Finally, the research is highly relevant as it seeks to trace the legislative factors that created the current status quo and increased corruption opportunities. It analyzes how certain statutory texts have enabled influential figures to amass wealth without achieving the public interest—the very goal assumed by the positive motives behind legislation that has now turned into a loophole for illicit enrichment.
Legal System of Administrative Regulations in the Republic of Yemen under Exceptional Circumstances
While the legislative authority inherently holds the original jurisdiction over legislation, practical reality requires the executive branch to formulate a specific type of general and abstract legislative rules. These take the form of regulatory decisions that formally and substantively align with the constitution and enforced laws, commonly referred to in most countries as regulations or subsidiary legislation. This becomes especially critical during exceptional circumstances when the state faces tense, thorny, and unavoidable crises. Laws governing normal times fail to assist the state in confronting such emergencies, including wars, civil strife, and disasters. To preserve national security and stability, strict adherence to ordinary legality under these conditions could lead to state instability and collapse. Consequently, new legal rules tailored to the nature of these circumstances must be established. Therefore, creating a legal system for administrative regulations during exceptional circumstances is essential. This system allows the executive branch to exercise legislative functions alongside its executive duties under complex conditions, strengthening its inherent role. Concurrently, it is necessary to establish legal and constitutional boundaries, providing safeguards that bind the executive branch to respect the principles of legality when using this regulatory power. Research into the legal system of administrative regulations in Yemen raises a key problem: the necessity of defining a legal framework to govern the issuance of administrative regulations under exceptional circumstances. It requires determining the scope, nature, and fields of these powers, evaluating their compliance with legal and constitutional boundaries during crises, and understanding their application and enforcement procedures. This forms a comprehensive understanding of Yemen's legal system regarding administrative regulations. It clarifies the foundations, cases, conditions, and consequences of executive-issued regulations during emergencies. The ultimate goal is to draft legal regulations that are more effective, advanced, distinct, and just—derived directly from practical reality rather than mechanically or partially copying positive legal systems. To address this topic, the research is divided into two sections: Section I: The Concept of Administrative Regulations. Section II: Competent Authorities for Issuing Regulations Under Exceptional Circumstances.
Political Gloating Between Contemporary Reality and Islamic Regulations(Yemen and the Gulf States as a Model from December 2, 2025, to March 28, 2026)
This study examined the importance of media and the role it plays within society. It then addressed the concept of political schadenfreude and its contemporary dimensions, including its linguistic and terminological definitions, as well as its manifestations in modern political discourse and practice. The study also highlighted how Islamic law, through its flexibility and comprehensiveness, accommodates and provides remedies for various moral and psychological shortcomings. Given that political schadenfreude is a relatively recent term that has not been previously defined in a systematic manner, the study sought to establish a clear conceptualization of it. Furthermore, it explored the principal Islamic legal and ethical guidelines governing schadenfreude, drawing on evidence from the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the opinions of scholars. It also demonstrated how Islam promotes brotherhood, harmony, affection, and unity, while seeking to eliminate all causes of hostility, hatred, division, and social fragmentation. The study concluded with a discussion on balancing political realities with Islamic ethical guidelines, addressing the effects of political schadenfreude on both individuals and society, as well as outlining the relevant legal principles and practical guidelines for responsible political discourse.
Provisions of the Prostration of Forgetfulness (Sujud al-Sahw) in Shafi'i Jurisprudence
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, for what He has inspired and taught us of knowledge which we knew not. He is the Supporter in gaining understanding of religion for those whom He has chosen among His servants, and He has expanded the chests of scholars day and night. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, without partners, and I bear witness that our master Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, who said: "Whomever Allah wishes good for, He grants him understanding of religion" (Authentic Hadith). Verily, the science of jurisprudence (Fiqh) is among the most honorable of sciences, through which the permissible (Halal) and the forbidden (Haram) are known. This hadith embodies the application of Sharia and Allah's rulings in life. May Allah's peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad, his family, his companions, and all those who call to his message, are guided by his guidance, and act upon his Sunnah until the Day of Judgment. To proceed: This research is prompted by practical necessity. It unveils for its students what was concealed, offering indispensable benefits, subtle nuances that a jurist cannot do without, clarifications of obscure matters, and everything that is needed or anticipated regarding the rulings of the prostration of forgetfulness (Sujud al-Sahw) according to the school (Madhhab) of Imam al-Shafi'i—may Allah have mercy on him. This is one of the complex matters needed by the young and old, women and men, imams and followers alike, particularly mosque imams day and night, and indeed at all times. The prostration of forgetfulness encompasses both obligatory (Fard) and supererogatory (Nafl) prayers, contrary to the belief of many people who think it applies only to obligatory prayers and not voluntary ones. The status of knowledge is the highest of statuses, and the virtue of scholars lies in establishing religious proofs and knowing rulings, which cannot be attained except through knowledge and its people. I implore the Almighty for abundant reward and recompense, hoping that this research becomes a reliable authority and reference by the blessing of the Most Generous, the Bestower. I ask Allah to make it beneficial, sincerely for His Noble Face, and a means to attain the Highest Paradise (Al-Firdous al-A'la); indeed, He is the Answerer of prayers. Significance of the Research: The significance of this research is manifested in the following: The close connection of this topic to people's daily lives in their prayers. Every action that stems from them requires a legal ruling to determine its nature, establishing whether that specific act invalidates the prayer or not.
Impact of Participatory Leadership on Improving Job Performance:A Field Study of Employees at the General Authority for Insurance and Pensions - Head Office, Aden
The study aimed to identify the impact of participative leadership across its dimensions (delegation of authority, human relations, and participation in decision-making) on job performance at the General Authority for Insurance and Pensions - Aden. The study population consisted of all employees at the General Authority for Insurance and Pensions - Aden, totaling (121) employees (91 males and 24 females), according to official statistics from the Statistics Department of the General Authority for Insurance and Pensions - Main Center, Aden. The researcher relied on descriptive and analytical approaches, selecting the sample via purposive sampling. The study sample initially encompassed the entire population; however, (20) male and female employees were excluded as a pilot sample. A questionnaire was utilized as the primary tool for data and information collection and was distributed to the study sample. (21) questionnaires were excluded due to incomplete responses, leaving a remaining total of (80) male and female employees representing the final study sample subjected to statistical analysis, constituting (66%) of the target population. After employing a set of statistical methods for data analysis, the study reached several results, the most prominent of which are: 1. ​The study proved the existence of a strong positive relationship between participative leadership and job performance, with the dimensions of human relations and delegation of authority emerging as the most influential. 2. The study concluded that enhancing participative leadership can serve as a strategic entry point to raise performance efficiency in public institutions by improving internal communication, strengthening organizational belonging, and increasing job satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 L. Ali Yahiya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Electronic Government and Social Structure Obstacles in Yemeni Society: A Theoretical Sociological Study
This chapter presents the methodological and theoretical framework of the study entitled “E-Government and Its Impact on Social Structure in Yemen.” It highlights the concept of e-government and its role in improving institutional performance, modernizing state services, and fostering interaction between the authorities and society, The chapter also examines the Yemeni context, characterized by weak technological infrastructure, limited qualified human resources, as well as administrative and social obstacles that hinder effective digital transformation. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach supported by a field survey to assess the impact of e-government on social structure in terms of institutional trust, transparency, and community participation, The theoretical analysis indicates that the success of e-government implementation depends on political will, technical efficiency, human capacity development, and the presence of social awareness that supports digital transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Saeed Mohammed, A. Saeed Mohammed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Justice and Its Aesthetic Impact in the Holy Quran
The briefing of the president of the world , th praye of world and the prayers of the lslamic and the prayer of world , and the praise of the Mattew , the Mattheed Mahmaz al- Radam al- Ambaliah , and his guman and his loved allocations , and is on his approach to the day of religion and then either. Lslam is urging individiduals to commit to the principle of justice because it is caused by the savigs of all their lives , it is a year of years in the life of this minimum life and the need to commit itself, while the Qoran stressed the principle of justice as a reason to protect the rights of people , and the stability of the shelves, . The society in whith justice is inherited by his family with religion on their rights , the researcher took the subject of the research entitled (( justice and it ,s aesthetic impact in the Qoran )) and came in up and conscious.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Nasser Mansour (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Customs Duties in Yemeni Law: A Comparative Study
Taxes have always been, and continue to be, among the most critical resources for nations, particularly customs duties. In fact, some countries rely primarily on taxes due to the scarcity of their other resources. Since its inception, taxation in its various forms has been inherently linked to the existence of the state, which imposes tax obligations on taxpayers and determines the exact amounts they must pay. In this study, the researcher will focus on the types of customs duties under the Yemeni Customs Law No. (4) of 1990 and its amendments, while comparing these types with the provisions of selected contemporary legislation. First: Significance of the Research The significance of this study stems from several key aspects: Shedding light on and analyzing the types of customs duties in Yemen. Comparing the prescribed types of customs duties in Yemen with other modern legislation to identify what the Yemeni legislator adopted and what it omitted. Examining the alignment of the current Yemeni customs legislation in comparison with other contemporary customs laws. Second: Research Objectives The objectives of this study are summarized in the following points: Providing a clear definition of the concept of customs duties and their types. Identifying the types of customs duties included in the Yemeni customs legislation. Examining these types and comparing them with the contemporary legislations of other countries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taha Hussein Saleh Al-Baydani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of the Veto Power in the Security Council on the Palestinian Cause
<div class="Zkbeff" dir="rtl" data-sfc-root="ep" data-wiz-uids="idvW3e_2" data-ctx-provider="[[["esHW8","[{\"s\":3,\"i\":\"idvW3e_1/OZSNke\"}]"],["dMtGDc","[true]"]]]" data-ved="2ahUKEwjtkJ7QmKiWAxXfhv0HHS1LPTkQ2O0OegYIAAgCEAA" data-hveid="CAAIAhAA" data-processed="true" data-complete="true" data-sfc-inited="2" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"> This research provides a deep, analytical study of the impact of the veto power on the trajectory of the Palestinian cause within the United Nations system, specifically in the UN Security Council, which is the primary body responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The study highlights how the veto has transformed from a legal tool, originally created to ensure balance among major powers, into a political instrument used to obstruct international justice and protect the strategic interests of certain superpowers, led by the United States of America. By tracking Security Council resolutions from 1948 to the present, the research demonstrates that the US veto has been deployed over 45 times to abort draft resolutions aimed at condemning Israel or imposing legal obligations on it, including resolutions regarding halting settlement expansion, ending the occupation, and protecting Palestinian civilians. This repeated usage has paralyzed the effectiveness of the Security Council and undermined the credibility of the international system in applying the principles of justice and equality among nations. The study emphasizes that the impact of the veto on the Palestinian cause is not merely legal; it extends to political and humanitarian dimensions. It has contributed to cementing the reality of the occupation, reinforcing the imbalance of power in negotiations, and weakening the status of UN resolutions related to the issue. Furthermore, it clarifies that the continuation of these practices reflects a structural flaw in the legal and political architecture of the international system, which grants only five countries the authority to block the will of the entire international community. The research concludes that reforming the decision-making mechanism in the Security Council—either by restricting the use of the veto in humanitarian situations or by expanding permanent membership to include fair representation for developing nations—is a vital step to ensure the neutrality and effectiveness of the international organization in resolving conflicts, particularly the Palestinian cause, which remains a true test for the credibility of international law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mounir Ahmed Ali Naji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Arabization of Education Within the Framework of a Sociolinguistic Educational Vision
Language is the most critical component of human society. Roland Barthes famously stated that "language is legislation (power)." An individual's earliest life experiences confirm the sheer complexity of human linguistic competence. Furthermore, acquiring one or more foreign languages reveals the immense capacity required for human communication through language. Global experiences consistently prove that a society's national language is the cornerstone for preserving its identity and culture. It is an essential prerequisite for comprehensive developmental processes. Living in the modern era—with its core values of science, knowledge, rationality, organization, progress, democracy, and respect for human rights—can only be realized when a society relies on its own resources and intrinsic foundations. Language is, without a doubt, the most vital foundation of self-identity. While learning foreign languages is undeniably important, opening up to and interacting with the "Other" does not mean dissolving into them. Priority must always be given to mastering the mother tongue. When a nation is required to think with its own intellect but express those thoughts in a language foreign to its culture, its thinking becomes detached from the essence, concepts, and sensibilities of that culture. Conversely, deepening awareness, understanding, dialogue, thought methodologies, and authorship in the mother tongue is what drives societal development and revival. It is here that the issue of Arabization surfaces with its intellectual, scientific, linguistic, national, and futuristic dimensions, serving as an absolute vital necessity for the contemporary Arab individual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abobakr Ali Alewah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Economic Crime on the National Economy
Faculty of Applied and Social Sciences The research titled "The Impact of Economic Crime on the National Economy: A Comparative Study" is considered one of the highly significant research topics in the field of incrimination and punishment. The importance of this study lies in the imperative need to criminalize economic violations that damage key sectors of the national economy, including industry, commerce, and services. Furthermore, the significance of the study extends to protecting consumers from rising prices amid declining per capita income, alongside the vital need to safeguard life essentials—particularly food and medicine. It also underscores the necessity of adhering to economic laws that regulate trade, industry, and services due to their direct and profound link to people's daily lives. To structure this study effectively, it has been divided into three distinct chapters. The first chapter focuses on the impact of economic crime on the industrial sector. The second chapter examines the impact of crime on the public services sector. The third chapter investigates the impact of economic crime on the private and security services sector. Finally, a conclusion has been dedicated to this research to highlight the main findings, proposals, and recommendations.
The mental image plays a significant and pivotal role in shaping opinions, making decisions, and guiding individual behavior, ultimately influencing people's actions toward various groups and sectors. It reflects reality and transfers information to the human mind, which does not interact with reality directly, but rather indirectly through description. Consequently, corporations and political leaderships have recognized the importance of studying their prevailing image in the minds of the public. They have adopted policies and designed plans to shape this image in their desired manner to support their activities. Moreover, if their image becomes distorted or unstable, they work intensively on developing various strategies to improve and reinforce it. Building a positive image has become a primary objective that all corporations and leaders strive to achieve through a solid performance that aligns with the public's needs, as well as through the utilization of various media outlets. Crucially, the importance of the mental image on an international level lies in creating a favorable psychological climate to achieve a nation's goals, ensure the success of its foreign policy, and promote its diverse activities. This stems from a crucial and influential premise in our lives: our interactions with others are mediated through the mental images we hold of them. We cannot know the inner thoughts or motives of individuals; however, each of us holds a brush with which we paint the image of people and things in our minds. For instance, mentioning Saudi Arabia <!--TgQPHd|||[[["/m/01z215",null,null,["Mecca skyline","Kaaba","oil refinery","modern city skyscrapers","desert landscape"],null,"العلاقات العامة والصورة الذهنية\n\nمحمد سعيد حامد محمد\nباحث بكلية الصحافة والإعلام جامعة عدن\n\nمقدمة\n تقوم الصورة الذهنية بدورٍ هام ومحوري في تكوين الآراء واتخاذ القرارات وتشكيل سلوك الأفراد وتؤثر في تصرفاتهم تجاه الجماعات والقطاعات المختلفة، فهي تعكس الواقع وتحمل المعلومات عنه إلى العقل الإنساني الذي لا يواجه الواقع مباشرة، وإنما يواجه بشكل غير مباشر يعتمد على الوصف.\n ولذلك أدركت الشركات والقيادات السياسية أهمية دراسة صورتها السائدة في أذهان الجماهير واتخاذ السياسات ورسم الخطط الكفيلة لتكوين هذه الصورة على النحو الذي تتمناه هذه الشركات أو تلك القيادات واستخدام ذلك في دعم أنشطتها، وإذا كانت صورتها مضطربة عملت بتركيز شديد على وضع الاستراتيجيات المختلفة لتحسينها وتأكيدها.\n وأصبح تكوين الصورة الإيجابية هدفاً أساسياً تسعى إلى تحقيقه كل الشركات أو القيادات من خلال الأداء الطيب الذي يتفق مع احتياجات الجماهير ومن خلال استخدام وسائل الإعلام المختلفة ( ).\n ومن الأمور التي تأكد أهمية الصورة الذهنية على المستوى الدولي في تهيئة المناخ النفسي الملائم لتحقيق أهداف الدولة ونجاح سياستها الخارجية والترويج لأوجه النشاط المختلفة، لإن هناك فكرة مصيرية ومؤثرة في حياتنا، وهي أن تعاملنا مع الغير يكون من خلال الصورة الذهنية للآخرين.. نحن لا نعلم بواطن الأشخاص، ولا نعلم ما في النفوس.. ولكن لكل منا ريشة يرسم بها صورة الأشخاص والأشياء في ذهنه.\n ومثال على ذلك المملكة العربية السعودية، فعندما يذكر اسم هذه الدولة فإنه يستدعى في أذهان المسلمين عن السعودية كدولة تضم المقدسات الإسلامية، بينما يستدعيها آخرون من الغربيين لكونها أكبر دولة منتجة للبترول في العالم، وأما دولة كالهند على سبيل المثال فعندما يذكر اسمها فإنه يستدعى في أذهان البعض بشكل العمالة الرخيصة التي تصدرها لمختلف دول العالم، بينما يستدعيها البعض كدولة تقنية نووية."],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/01z215"],"3524":[10]}]],null,0,null,null,"",0]]--> instantly evokes in the minds of Muslims its status as the nation encompassing the Islamic holy sanctuaries, whereas Westerners may perceive it primarily as the world's largest oil producer. Similarly, when India <!--TgQPHd|||[[["/m/03rk0",null,null,["call center offices","software development centers","nuclear research facility","space exploration rockets","historical landmarks"],null,"العلاقات العامة والصورة الذهنية\n\nمحمد سعيد حامد محمد\nباحث بكلية الصحافة والإعلام جامعة عدن\n\nمقدمة\n تقوم الصورة الذهنية بدورٍ هام ومحوري في تكوين الآراء واتخاذ القرارات وتشكيل سلوك الأفراد وتؤثر في تصرفاتهم تجاه الجماعات والقطاعات المختلفة، فهي تعكس الواقع وتحمل المعلومات عنه إلى العقل الإنساني الذي لا يواجه الواقع مباشرة، وإنما يواجه بشكل غير مباشر يعتمد على الوصف.\n ولذلك أدركت الشركات والقيادات السياسية أهمية دراسة صورتها السائدة في أذهان الجماهير واتخاذ السياسات ورسم الخطط الكفيلة لتكوين هذه الصورة على النحو الذي تتمناه هذه الشركات أو تلك القيادات واستخدام ذلك في دعم أنشطتها، وإذا كانت صورتها مضطربة عملت بتركيز شديد على وضع الاستراتيجيات المختلفة لتحسينها وتأكيدها.\n وأصبح تكوين الصورة الإيجابية هدفاً أساسياً تسعى إلى تحقيقه كل الشركات أو القيادات من خلال الأداء الطيب الذي يتفق مع احتياجات الجماهير ومن خلال استخدام وسائل الإعلام المختلفة ( ).\n ومن الأمور التي تأكد أهمية الصورة الذهنية على المستوى الدولي في تهيئة المناخ النفسي الملائم لتحقيق أهداف الدولة ونجاح سياستها الخارجية والترويج لأوجه النشاط المختلفة، لإن هناك فكرة مصيرية ومؤثرة في حياتنا، وهي أن تعاملنا مع الغير يكون من خلال الصورة الذهنية للآخرين.. نحن لا نعلم بواطن الأشخاص، ولا نعلم ما في النفوس.. ولكن لكل منا ريشة يرسم بها صورة الأشخاص والأشياء في ذهنه.\n ومثال على ذلك المملكة العربية السعودية، فعندما يذكر اسم هذه الدولة فإنه يستدعى في أذهان المسلمين عن السعودية كدولة تضم المقدسات الإسلامية، بينما يستدعيها آخرون من الغربيين لكونها أكبر دولة منتجة للبترول في العالم، وأما دولة كالهند على سبيل المثال فعندما يذكر اسمها فإنه يستدعى في أذهان البعض بشكل العمالة الرخيصة التي تصدرها لمختلف دول العالم، بينما يستدعيها البعض كدولة تقنية نووية."],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/03rk0"],"3524":[10]}]],null,0,null,null,"",0]]--> is mentioned, it may conjure an image of cheap labor exported worldwide to some, while others view it as a technologically advanced nuclear state.
Contribution of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Sector to the Development of Women (Aden Governorate)
oday, the world is witnessing a new, dynamic, and rapidly changing reality resulting from consecutive economic revolutions, most notably the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) revolution. This technological shift has intensified the focus on generating information and delivering it to decision-makers, while concurrently driving economic development forward. Furthermore, the world is undergoing accelerated advancements in science, knowledge, and innovations, creating a race among developed nations to achieve the latest and most advanced technologies. In Yemen, the ICT sector constitutes a fundamental component of the country's infrastructure and plays a vital role in economic development. Prior to the war, the sector experienced rapid growth driven by significant investments from both the private sector and government institutions. Consequently, prioritizing technology and information is essential to advancing the economic sector and achieving developmental progress that aligns with contemporary global demands. Therefore, planning for comprehensive development that matches current global advancements is a core responsibility that the government must recognize. This comprehensive developmental planning must be approached with an open and conscious mindset that empowers younger generations equipped with modern science, knowledge, and a thorough understanding of modern ICT requirements to build their societies. Economically, the telecommunications sector stands as one of the state's most critical revenue sources, ranking second only to the oil and gas sector prior to the conflict. Crucially, women must be actively integrated into this development planning. As they represent half of the society, empowering women involves developing their capabilities and ensuring equal opportunities across all fields, including the private sector, entrepreneurship, and leadership roles in public corporations and enterprises.
Impact of Supply Chain Management on Product Cost in Industrial Companies
Changes in the modern business environment—characterized by intense competition, technological advancements, market globalization, the fading of geographical boundaries, and the elimination of trade barriers between products and markets—have heightened customer expectations to obtain products and services at the right place and time, with the highest quality and the lowest possible cost. This shift has prompted many organizations to consider abandoning traditional management methods and adopting modern systems that enable them to cope with and overcome these variables. Such adaptation is essential to achieve market growth and sustainability, as well as to retain and expand the customer base through the supply chain and foster collaboration among all supply chain stakeholders to meet diverse customer needs. Accordingly, this study was initiated to examine the impact of supply chain management on product cost at the Amiantit Company.
أهمية البحث: وتأتي أهمية البحث من حيث إن الشروع في جريمة القتل وصوره تهدد أرواح الناس وممتلكاتهم، ولا يقتصر تأثيرها على الضحية، بل يمتد إلى من يعول، كما أن جريمة القصد الجنائي أصبحت من أولويات القضايا المعاصرة التي تشكل همًا وقلقًا لجميع شعوب العالم، لذا فإن موضوع جريمة القصد الجنائي يكتسب أهمية بالغة كونها ازدادت واستفحلت من عام لآخر نتيجة لزيادة عدد السكان وضعف البنية التحتية وتدهور الظروف الاقتصادية للمواطن. أهداف البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعريف على الشروع في جريمة القتل وصوره وأسبابه، وبيان العقوبات الجنائية المقررة له من أجل لفت الانتباه إلى خطورة جريمة القتل على الفرد والمجتمع وعلى الممتلكات العامة والخاصة. أسباب اختيار البحث: لقد دفعني إلى اختيار هذا البحث مجموعة من الأسباب أهمها: قلت البحوث والدراسات القانونية التي تتناول أحكام الشروع في جريمة القتل وصوره في القانون اليمني. ازدياد الشروع في جريمة القتل وصوره بشكل ملفت للنظر بسبب ضعف البنية التحتية وتدهور الجوانب الاقتصادية. نشر التوعية القانونية بين المواطنين وبيان خطورة ارتكاب الشروع في جريمة القتل وصوره على الفرد والمجتمع. إشكالية البحث: نتيجة لارتفاع جريمة القتل وتميزها عن التهديد بشكل مخيف حتى أصبحت تشكل هاجسًا وقلقًا لكافة أفراد المجتمع أثيرت الإشكالية الآتية: هل تصدى المشرع اليمني لجريمة القتل وتميزها عن التهديد؟ أم أن هناك فراغ قانوني ونقص تشريعي لا بد من تداركه؟ ومن الإشكالية الرئيسة التي أثارت مجموعة من التساؤلات الفرعية منها: ما أسباب الشروع في جريمة القتل وصوره وما أقسامه؟ وماهي الآثار القانونية المترتبة عليه؟ منهج البحث: لمعالجة الإشكالية السابقة والتساؤلات الفرعية سنعتمد على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي الذي يتم من خلاله تحليل النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة واستقرائها وبيان موطن القصور والنقص التي اعترى بعضها بغية الوصول إلى المعنى الذي أراده المشرع لها أو الخروج ببعض النتائج والمقترحات التي نرى أنها جديرة بالطرح.
مساهمة قطاع تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في تطور المرأة (محافظة عدن)
وشخصيتها وتنمية شعورها بالقوة والاستقلال الذاتي. أن نسبة مشاركة للمرأة في العمل قطاع تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات والتوظيف لا تتعدى سوى ال 20% من نسب القوى العاملة مما ادى الى ان تعمل هيئة الأمم المتحدة برامج الدعم للمجتمع المدني والقطاع الخاص، بهدف تحقيق التمكين للمرأة وهو أحد اهم اهداف التنمية الاقتصادية، حيث انه من الصعوبة تقييم مسالة تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي كهدف من اهداف التنمية، وذلك بسبب قلة الإحصائيات التي تستهدف المساواة بين الجنسين والعامل الآخر فيتمثل بالنزاعات المسلحة وظروف عدم الاستقرار.
Qur'anic interpretation, specifically on interpretative issues according to Al–Raghib Al–Isfahani
This research focuses on Qur'anic interpretation, specifically on interpretative issues according to Al–Raghib Al–Isfahani in his book Al-Mufradat fi Gharib Al–Qur'an The study consists of an introduction, a preface , three main chapters , and a conclusion . The introduction outlines the research problem , purpose , and structure .
Copyright (c) 2026 Sahar Ali Mohammed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Corporate Governance in Protecting Minority Shareholders
Commercial companies are a fundamental pillar in the growth of national and global economies due to their direct impact on human livelihoods, self-sufficiency, and economic stability. In light of the need to safeguard these entities and ensure their continuity, the importance of corporate governance has emerged as a regulatory tool aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability within boards of directors, particularly in regard to protecting the rights of minority shareholders. These shareholders often do not allow them to influence the fateful decisions of the board of directors. This study seeks to establish a legal framework that protects minority shareholders from losing their rights by controlling shareholders through strengthening their role in general assembly and enabling their effective participation in the corporate governance process. The study has concluded that, when implemented fairly, corporate governance provides legal guarantees capable of protecting minorities and achieving internal balance within companies. It has also recommended that minority participation should be strengthened to ensure internal control and minimize institutionalized corruption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Maxime Moawan Saeed Al-Sibaei, Dr. Sameh Hamed Ahmed Munaim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
التحليل المكاني لواقع استعمالات الأرض الحضرية للأغراض التجارية في مدينة كريتر (م/ صيرة) محافظة عدن لعام 2020م
يعد موضوع استعمالات الأرض الحضرية من المواضيع المهمة باعتبارها تمثل أحد اشكال الاختلاف المكاني للوظائف الحضرية داخل المدينة، وتعطي دراسة استعمالات الأرض وشكلها معلومات عن الهيكل العمراني الذي يحوي سكان المدينة وأنشطتهم المختلفة، وقد ركزت دراستنا هذه على التحليل المكاني لواقع استعمالات الأرض الحضرية للأغراض التجارية في مدينة كريتر (م/ صيرة) محافظة عدن لعام 2020م, وقد تبين من الدراسة أن مدينة كريتر (م/ صيرة) من أكثر المناطق أو المديريات في المحافظة كثافة في تمركز مؤسساتها التجارية قياساً بصغر مساحتها قدر مساحة الانشطة التجارية في مدينة كريتر (م/ صيرة) البالغة نحو (18) نشاطاً تجارياً وبواقع (1444) محلاً تجارياً وبمساحة تقدر بـ (410200) متر2 وتشكل نسبة (31%) من الإجمالي الكلي لمساحة الانشطة التجارية في محافظة عدن
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
صفة الحسد في القرآن الكريم (العلامات، الدوافع، الآثار، العلاج)
الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين. فقد جعل الله القرآن الكريم كتاب هداية ونور فلا فوز ولا فلاح إلا أن يتخذه المسلمون منهجًا لحياتهم وغاية لآخرتهم، فإنه دواء لكل علة ومرض، وطريق ودستور لكل عمل ومقصد. فلن تجد كتابًا يهتم بالإنسان كما أهتم به القرآن، فما من ناحية ولا مجال ولا صغيرة ولا كبيرة تصلح حياة الناس إلا وحث عليها وأرشد إليها، ولا ناحية ولا مجال ولا صغيرة ولا كبيرة تضر بالإنسان إلا وحذر منها ونفر عنها. فكل ألم يمر به المسلمون اليوم لن يُتخلص منه إلا بالقرآن، فلا مرض إلا والقرآن دواؤه، ولا معضلة إلا وفي القرآن حلها. وقد تناول البحث صفة في القرآن الكريم (الحسد)، فاشتملت على: المفهوم، والأسباب، والعلامات، والدوافع، والآثار، والعلاج مبينًا كل ذلك في نقاط مسترشدًا بما قاله أهل العلم. كما اشتمل البحث على خاتمة احتوت على أهم النتائج والتوصيات. والمراد من هذه الدراسة هو كما قال حذيفة -t-: «كان الناس يسألون رسول الله -r- عن الخير<!-- [if supportFields]> XE "حدث:كان الناس يسألون رسول الله -- عن الخير" <![endif]--><!-- [if supportFields]><![endif]-->، وكنت أسأله عن الشر، مخافة أن يدركني»( [1] ) فتُجتنب تلك الصفات ويبتعد عنها قبل الوقوع فيها، كما أن من ابتلي بشيء منها يجد الحلول المناسبة للتخلص منها، بإذن الله. ( [1] ) صحيح البخاري: كتاب: المناقب باب: علامات النبوة في الإسلام، برقم: (3605)؛ وصحيح مسلم، كتاب: الإمارة، باب: الأمر بلزوم الجماعة عند ظهور الفتن وتحذير الدعاة إلى الكفر، برقم: (4890).
مستوى ممارسة رؤساء الأقسام العلمية للقيادة الموزّعة في كليات جامعة عدن
هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على مستوى ممارسة رؤساء الأقسام العلمية للقيادة في كليات جامعة عدن ، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من أعضاء هيئة التدريس في كليات جامعة عدن, من أصحاب الألقاب العلمية أستاذ, وأستاذ مشارك, وأستاذ مساعد والبالغ عددهم (964)عضوًا, وقد اختارت الباحثة العينة من المجتمع الكلي بالطريقة العشوائية العنقودية ذات المرحلة الواحدة، ثم اختيار العينة بالطريقة الطبقية البسيطة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبه المسحي ، وصممت استبانة تكونت من (35) فقرة وزعت على أربعة مجالات واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات الأولية من عينة الدراسة التي تكونت من (241) فردًا. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج الآتية: 1. أن مستوى ممارسة القيادة الموزّعة الكلية للفقرات ككل كانت (متوسطة),بمتوسط حسابي (3.16), ونسبة (63.2%), وانحراف معياري (0.80), وتراوحت المتوسطات الحسابية للقيادة الموزّعة للفقرات ما بين (3.05), و(3.28), وانحراف معياري (0.93), و(0.99). 2. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية (α ≤0.05) في متوسطات إجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة تجاه مستوى ممارسة رؤساء الأقسام العلمية في كليات جامعة عدن للقيادة الموزّعة تعزى للمتغيرات بـ (الجنس، واللقب العلمي، وسنوات الخدمة). كما خرجت الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات التي تسهم في رفع مستوى ممارسة القيادة الموزّعة للهيئة التدريسية وللجامعة بشكل عام.
حرمة الحياة الخاصة في القانون الجنائي اليمني
تكمن أهمية دراسة موضوع جرائم الاعتداء على حرمة الحياة الخاصة بالوسائل الإلكترونية نظراً للتطورات المتسارعة في مجال تقنية المعلومات والأجهزة الإلكترونية، حيث أصبح من السهل ارتكاب هذا النوع من الجرائم دون أن يترك الفاعل أثر يمكن بواسطته إثبات هذا الاعتداء نتيجة لصغر الوسيلة المستخدمة، كجهاز لارتكاب فعل الاعتداء على حرمة الحياة الخاصة بل هي من جرائم العصر الذي يجب مكافحتها والوقاية منها ووضع الحلول اللازمة للحد منها نتيجة لخطرها وضررها على المجتمع.