واجب الوجود ووحدة الوجود: قراءة في التأسيس الميتافيزيقي عند ابن سيناء وابن عربي

Abstract

This study explores the metaphysical foundations of the concept of existence in the thought of Ibn Sina and Ibn Arabi, through a comparative philosophical and mystical approach. Ibn Sina elucidates the notion of the Necessary Existent in itself as the source of intellectual and cosmic emanation, from which intellects, souls, and spheres proceed in a strictly rational order. In contrast, Ibn Arabi views God as the true Existence, with all else being mere manifestations and images within the framework of the unity of existence. The research highlights the intellectual backgrounds of both thinkers: Ibn Sina, influenced by Aristotelian and Farabian philosophy, and Ibn Arabi, rooted in Islamic mysticism and gnosis. It also examines their spiritual and epistemological dimensions; Ibn Sina emphasizes the Active Intellect and the Sacred Intellect, while Ibn Arabi stresses unveiling, intuition, and annihilation in the Divine. In comparison, both share a concern with the relationship between God and the world, yet differ in method: rational philosophy in Ibn Sina versus mystical gnosis in Ibn Arabi. The study concludes by underscoring their profound impact on Islamic and Western thought, with Ibn Sina shaping scholastic philosophy in Europe, and Ibn Arabi leaving a lasting imprint on global mysticism and spiritual philosophy.