Toxic metals in facial cosmetics: Chemical Analysis Lead and Cadmium in lipstick, foundation creams sold at Aden market, Yemen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47372/xeevzv38Keywords:
Lead, Cadmium, Foundation cream, Lipstick, ICP-OES, Aden,YemenAbstract
Cosmetics increase exterior appearance attractiveness; however, they may constitute a risk to users owing to hazardous chemical compositions. The study aimed to analyze the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in lipsticks and foundation creams sold at Aden markets, Yemen. The samples of the study included ten (10) samples (6 foundation creams and 4 lipsticks), and they were analyzed for lead and cadmium content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The concentration range of Pb and Cd was from 0.575 ppm to 234.750 ppm and 0.000 ppm to 0.108 ppm, respectively, in foundation creams. 0.000 ppm to 331.750 ppm, 0.000 ppm to 0.083 ppm, respectively, in lipsticks. The majority of Pb and Cd contents were within the European Union (EU) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limits, except two samples: Dermacol Cream and Super Stay Matte INK lipstick. Their lead content exceeded the allowed limits. Long-term exposure to these chemicals can pose substantial health risks, notably skin cancer. To maintain human safety, cosmetic items should be monitored constantly, notably for adulteration.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Iglal Yousef A. Fadhel, Shaif Mohammed Kasem , Mohammed A. S. Binabood (Author)
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